Từ Ðiển Phật Học Việt-Anh

TỪ ÐIỂN PHẬT HỌC VIỆT - ANH
Soạn Giả: Viên Thông - Charles Muller

A B C D Ð E G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V X Y

XUNG (hòa, đối lại):(1) Harmonious, complaisant, agreeable. (2) Deep, profound. (3) Nothingness, emptiness, void -Không, Hư. (4) To dash against, to clash with. (5) To pour out; to infuse. (6) To soar, to wander from.

XUẤT (sinh ra, đi ra, ra khỏi, vượt lên):(1) To go, or come out. (2) To go, to leave. (3) To appear, to manifest. (4) To be born, produced; to spring forth. To begin. (5) To go beyond, to transcend.

XUẤT THẾ (ra khỏi cuộc đời, ẩn tu, ra đời, nhận chức trụ trì):(1) Supramundane; to transcend the mundane world. (2) Renouncing the world to practice Buddhism. (3) A Buddha or a bodhisattva's appearance in the world to save sentient beings (utpaada). (4) Promotion of a Zen monk to the headship of a temple.

XUẤT THẾ PHÁP (giáo pháp để ra khỏi thế gian): Transmundane dharmas. Things of the world of enlightenment, such as the lục độ: six paaramitaas, Tứ đế: Four Noble Truths, nirvaana, etc.

XUẤT THẾ GIAN PHÁP: Same as.??? (ch'u-shih-fa).

XUẤT TRẦN (từ bỏ cuộc đời thế tục, đi tu): To leave the dust of the secular world. To enter the monastery.

XUẤT LÃNH (xuống núi độ sinh): To descend from the mountain.

XUẤT HIỆN: Appearance, arrival. Appearance in the world (utpaada).

XOA (chắp tay, cái chĩa):(1) Also, again. (2) To clasp the hand; to interlock the fingers. (3) A prong, a fork.

XOA THỦ (chắp tay với các ngón đan nhau):(1) Folding the palms of the hands together with the fingers crossed. Also, the palms together with the middle fingers crossing each other--an old Indian form of greeting. (2) Both hands overlapping on the breast. Bending the left hand and folding the remaining four fingers to make a fist, a small distance away from the breast, then covering with the right hand, spreading the elbows in the area of the breast.

XÁ LỢI (linh cốt của Phật hoặc cao tăng sau khi đã trà tỳ): Relics of the Buddha or a revered monk.

XƯỚNG (đọc lớn lên, nêu lên, ca, dẫn đạo, giải thích):(1) To call out, to shout out. (2) To praise, extol, admire, laud. (parikiirtayati) (3) To sing-Ca (4) To guide, instruct-Đạo (5) To explain -Thuyết

XÁ-MA-THA (phép tu Chỉ): A transliteration of the Sanskrit term `samatha which means 'calm abiding' or 'stabilization.' Stopping the wandering of the mind and focusing it on one object, thus bringing about a condition of quietude. In Chinese Buddhist literature it is usually rendered with the ideographs-Chỉand-Định.

XẢ (bỏ, buông ra, không chấp, thông cảm):(1) To throw away, relinquish, give up, discard, abandon, forsake, renounce (nik.sipati). (2) Transliteration of the Sanskrit sound sa. (3) To abandon mistaken views; the cessation of evil actions by a religious practitioner; to discard evil and attachment. (4) Not striving, as a result of indifference. (5) Serenity of mind. The mental condition of not feeling pleasure or pain, not perceiving things as good or evil (upek.saa). The mind of equality; an unbiased viewpoint. One of the Four Unfathomable Minds -Tứ vô lượng tâm ; one of the Ten Virtuous Elements in the Abhidharmako`sa-bhaasya, one of the Eleven Good Function Elements in Consciousness-only theory.

XẢ THỤ (không vướng vào sướng hay khổ): (upek.saa). “Perception of neither pleasure nor pain.”

XẢ LẠM LƯU THUẦN THỨC (thức thuần túy): One of the 'five-fold penetration to the principle of Consciousness-only' in Consciousness-only theory. The naming of this layer refers to the expulsion of confusion (the dependently arisen objective aspects of consciousness) and the retention of the dependently arisen subjective awareness -Kiến phần, the witnessing aspect -Tự chứng phần, and the rewitnessing aspect -Chứng tự chứng phần. The rejection of the confusion caused by the external world and the retention of subjective purity. Also referred to in Consciousness-only as Tâm cảnh tương đối -The 'relation of mind and objects.'

XAN (bỏn sẻn): (maatsarya; lobha). 'stinginess,' 'frugality.' One of the lesser defilement elements as listed in the Abhidharmako`sa-bhaasya, one of the twenty secondary defilements in the doctrine of the Fa-hsiang school. The name of a the mental function whereby one is unable to give to others due to addiction to assets and/or dharma.

XƯNG (ca tụng), XỨNG (đo, thích hợp, tương ứng):(1) To measure weight. (2) Measure, weight. (3) To praise, admire. (4) Praise, admiration; fame, honor, prestige.

XỨNG PHÁP (hợp với pháp): To accord with the dharma.

XƯNG LÝ (tương xứng với chân lý): To accord with reality (yukta).

XƯNG LƯỢNG (đo lường): To determine; to figure out.

XỨNG THỂ TÀI Y (may áo quần theo thân thể): “To cut the garments according to the body.”

XÁ (nhà): (1) Hut, house, inn, shed, lodge. (2) To lodge at, reside, stay overnight. (3) One day's travel. 30 li. (4) To cast off, throw away. To stop, put a stop to. (5) Separate from. (6) Put, place. (7) Used in transliterating Indian `sa sound.

XÁ-LỢI- PHẤT (TỬ) (tên người): `Saariputra, the first of the ten principal disciples of `Saakyamuni Buddha. Born of the brahman caste, he was from a town called Upade`sa near Magadha. He was originally a disciple of the skeptic philosopher Sa~njaya, but when he converted to Buddhism along with Maudgalyaayana -Mục-Liên, they brought 250 Sa~njaya disciples with them. He served as tutor to `Saakyamuni's son Raahula. He became so deeply enlightened in the buddhadharma (he is considered to be the wisest of the disciples) that he sometimes even gave sermons in the Buddha's absence. Being somewhat older than `Saakyamuni, he passed away before him. He appears as an interlocutor in praj~naapaaramitaa works, such as the Heart Suutra.

XÁ-VỆ THÀNH (thành Xá-Vệ): Skt. `Sraavastii, Pali Saavatthii. The city where such Mahaayaana sermons as the `Sriimaalaa and Diamond suutras are recorded as having been preached. At the time of `Saakyamuni, it was the capital of Kosala. Located in the modern Saaheth-Maaheth, on the borders of Gonda and Bahraich districts of Oudh. Tsung-mi says that the word `Sraavastii means “to hear things." (HPC 7.22a9)

XỨ (chỗ), XỬ (ở):(1) To be at (a certain place), to be located. To dwell, to abide in, to occupy. To stop, to stay at. (2) To place; to put in a certain place. (3) To distinguish, to decide, to settle, to judge. (4) A place, a location, a scene, a situation, a region, an area. (5) To manage, to adjust, to attend to, to deal with. (6) To have use for. (sthaana, de`sa, prthivii-prade`sa). (1) 'Locus.' A place or location of a 'scene' of occurrence, especially referring to the location of the material realm. (2) The place of the meeting between the organs of perception and their objects. See Xử. The locus for the arising of the mental functions. (3) Standpoint, viewpoint. (4) An indicator of the locative.

XUNG (đối với, đối đầu với):(1) Empty, void. (2) Weak, young, complaisant. (3) To soar, to climb. (4) To dash against, to clash with.

XÚC (chạm rờ): 'contact,' 'touch.' (1) The mental function that brings consciousness into contact with external objects. (2) A tactile object, one of the six objects of perception and sensation. (3) Contact with external objects. One of the twelve limbs of conditioned arising.

XÚC SỰ DIỆN TƯỜNG (gặp chuyện thì bất lực, không biết làm sao): Whatever matter one engages in, he runs into a wall. A characteristic of unenlightened activity.

XÚC CẢNH # ĐỐI CẢNH: (sprastavya). 'Objects of touch.' One of the five classes of object-realms. The objects of the tactile faculty.

XÀ-NA-DA-XÁ (tên người): J~naanaya`sas, an Indian monk who was the translator of the Ta-ch'eng t'ung-hsing ching Đại Thừa Đồng Tính Kinh and several other texts

XU (hướng về): (1) To run, hasten. (2) Go to, proceed to. (3) Fast, hurriedly. Chase, catch. (4) Press, urge, force.

-ooOoo-

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