Từ Ðiển Phật Học Việt-Anh

TỪ ÐIỂN PHẬT HỌC VIỆT - ANH
Soạn Giả: Viên Thông - Charles Muller

A B C D Ð E G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V X Y

MẬT TÔNG (Chân Ngôn): term for Amitaabha (A-di-đà-Phật).

MỆNH CĂN ( gốc mạng sống): 'Life force','life potential'. One of the fourteen elements not concomitant with mind in Abhidharma; one of the twenty-four elements not concomitant with mind in Consciousness-only. The potential energy for a lifetime of certain length, where the aalaya-vij~naana, as a result of the general effects of karma, has the power to exist for 50, 70 years, etc. This latent energy is contained in the 'verbal expression' seeds of the aalaya-vij~naana.

MINH NHẤT (thầm hợp) (dung hợp): Harmoniously unified so as to be indistinguishable.

MINH GIỚI (các cõi giới tối tăm): Dark realm(s), generally referring to the three existences of hell-being, hungry ghost and animal. More specifically--hell.

MỆNH (sinh mệnh, vận mệnh):(1) Life, life span. (2) One's fate or destiny, especially as ordained by heaven -Thiên mệnh. (3) Rule, principle, order. Law, decree, command. Vận, Đạo, Sử

MỘNG:(1) To dream (2) A dream; dream images. (3) Dark.

MỘNG TƯỞNG: That which is seen in a dream. Illusion, fantasy.

ĐẠI THỪA BÁCH PHÁP MINH MÔN LUẬN (tên sách): Ta-sheng pai-fa ming-men lun 1 fasc., by Vasubandhu; trans., Hsu"an-tsang. A major consciousness-only text in which the 100 dharmas are outlined. T 1614.31.855-?.

MÔI GIỚI (trung gian): Intermediary, agency, medium.

MẬT:(1) Secret, quiet, hidden, unknown. (2) Tiny, subtle. (3) To cover, to conceal. (4) To approach, come near.

MẬT NGHIÊM: The 'land of mystic glorification;' The 'mysteriously adorned land.' Also written Mật Nghiêm Tịnh Độ. The Pure Land of Vairocana (Tỳ Lô Giá Na) Buddha which is described in the Đại Thừa Mật Nghiêm Kinh.

MẬT Ý (ý nghĩa ẩn tàng):(1) Not clearly explained. An explanation possessing a special meaning. A concealed, but essential meaning (abhipraaya, sa.mdhaaya). (2) Deep or profound meaning. A point that is hard to grasp. (3) As opposed to the “express teaching"-Hiển giáo, a situation where the original teaching has been concealed in favor of presenting a easier, or more expedient teaching. (4) The Buddha's meaning -Phật ý.

MẬT HỮU (sự hiện hữu ẩn tàng): “Mysterious existence;" true existence, Buddha-existence.

MẬT NGỮ (ngôn ngữ ẩn tàng):(1) The teaching by the Buddha which contains the truth in a profound way and is not readily understandable. For example, in the Nirvaana-suutra, the Buddha's teaching of the eternal existence of the tathaagata. (2) A mantra -Chú or dhaarani-Đà- la-ni ; 'Esoteric speech.' (3) An expression of the absolute, of non-duality.

MA (rờ, xoa, mài): (1) To polish. (2) To touch, feel. (3) Draw near, come close. (4) decrease, diminish, disappear. (5) Transliteration for the Sanskrit and Pali sound ma.

MA NI CHÂU (ngọc Ma-ni): The first two ideographs in this word are a transliteration of the Sanskrit mani. (1) A general term for jewels or gems. Also the “Mani-jewel." It is said that jewels have the virtue of being able to drive away evil, clarify muddy water. (2) An abbreviation of the term cintaa-mani -Chấn-đa-ma-ni, a jewel that appears as any rare jewel that one thinks of. Priceless gem.

MA-KIỆT-ĐÀ (địa danh): Magadha. An old name for Biharu, located on the south part of the Ganges river. The places of the Buddha's enl:ightenment.

MA-HA (lớn lao): A transliteration of the Sanskrit mahaa, which means “great.”

MA-HA TĂNG- KỲ LUẬT (bộ luật Ma-ha Tăng-kỳ): The Mahaasaamghika Vinaya.

MA-HA-TÁT (từ tôn xưng một vị Bồ tát): A transliteration of the Sanskrit mahaasattva. A term of respect for a bodhisattva. One possessing great determination for enlightenment. An outstanding personage.

MA-HA-DIỄN (Đại thừa): A transliteration of the Sanksrit mahaa-yaana, meaning “great vehicle." Usually written in Chinese as Đại thừa.

MA-HA CA-DIẾP (tên người): Mahaakaa`syapa; the foremost of the Buddha's disciples. After the Buddha's death, he became the head of the community of monks.

MA DA (huyễn hóa): (maayaa) Illusion.

MA-DA PHU NHÂN (thân mẫu của Đức Thích Ca Mâu Ni): A transliteration of the Sanksrit and Pali Maayaa, the name of the mother of `Saakyamuni.

MA-HÊ THỦ-LA (Đế Thích): Makeishura A transliteration of Mahe`svara. A reference to Indra or `Siva.

MIẾU (miếu):(1) A mausoleum; an ancestral shrine, ancestral hall. (2) Shrine, temple.

MUỘN (buồn bực):(1) To be agonized, anguished, worried, troubled. Be sick at heart. (2) Dark, obscure, unclear. (3) Be depressed.

MẪN (thương): (1) To sympathize with; to pity; to grieve, to worry.

MẠN (kiêu căng): (mana). 'pride,' 'arrogance,' 'self-conceit.' The defilement of depending upon the ego, considering oneself higher or better than others. In the Abhidharmako`sa-bhaasya it is one of the indeterminate elements, while in the doctrine of the Fa-hsiang school, it is one of the six primary defilements. It can be further subdivided into seven or nine types. This defilement afflicts even very advanced practitioners.

MẠCH (mạch máu, mạch lạc):(1) Vein, artery. (2) The flow of blood. (3) Reason, logic, circumstances. The linear continuation of something.

MẠCH-LẠC (tương quan): Literally the “flow of the veins." In textual studies it is used as a metaphor to refer to a line of reasoning; a reason, an argument or doctrine. Linear.

MẪN (thông minh, nhanh nhẹn):(1) To hasten; fast. (2) Clever, smart, intelligent. (3) Active, prompt, earnest, diligent. (4) The big toe.

MINH (sáng, rõ ràng; Minh nhật: ngày mai): (1) Clear, bright. (2) To clarify, shed light upon, to brighten. To open, to reveal, to make manifest, to explain. To distinguish clearly. (3) Sharp, intelligent, bright. (4) The Ming dynasty in China (1368-1664). (1) Knowing, consciousness. (2) The Vedas. (3) The wisdom of enlightenment; enlightenment (vidyaa). (4) Illumination (prabhaa, aaloka, avabhaasa). (5) Skilled, ingenious (kau`sala). (6) Tomorrow.

MINH CHỦ (tiếng tôn xưng một vị lãnh tụ sáng suốt): A wise and honest ruler. (naka p="1307")

MINH LIỄU (hiểu rõ): (uttaana-kriyaa). To clarify. To understand clearly.

MINH ĐẮC (1 trong 4 thiện căn): Another name for the first of the 'four good roots,' that is, 'warmth'. In the way of the brightness just before sunrise, one has the predilection of the wisdom of awakening. This stage is called 'bright attainment.'

MINH HẠNH TÚC (1 trong 10 hiệu của Đức Phật): (vidyaa-carana-sa.mpanna). One who has consummated knowledge and practice. One of the ten epithets of the Buddha. Originally a Jain term that was borrowed by the Buddhists.

MUỘI (tối, mờ):(1) Dark, dim, unclear, obscure. (2) Dawn, daybreak. (3) To suppress, to appropriate. (4) To cut.

MÔNG MUỘI (mờ tối, u tối): Ignorance of the mind. Ignorance regarding reality.

MẠT (rốt, ngọn, ngoài cùng): Branches, extremities, end. Surface, superfluous.

MẠT THẾ= MẠT PHÁP (thời đại mà đạo pháp suy vi): (pa`scima-kaala). Future generation(s). A latter age (time period). The age of the decline of the dharma. Final age.

MẠT-NA THỨC (thức thứ 7: thức chấp Ngã): (manas). The manas consciousness, the function of which is to perceive the subjective position of the eighth consciousness and erroneously regard it as one's own ego, thereby creating ego attachment. According to the explanation of the Fa-hsiang school, it is the seventh of the eight consciousnesses and refers to the functioning of a consciousness of discrimination. Its root nature is that of consideration, but there is a difference between it and the sixth consciousness. Not consciously controllable, it is said to be a mind of a realm that gives rise to contradiction of conscious decisions, and to incessant self-love. Since it can also be called the movement of the human mind which sees the limits of human variation from within, it is necessary that for their basis of existence, humans have some fundamental thing that unceasingly continues and changes, serving as the ground for the sixth consciousness. This consciousness is also called the place where good and evil are eternally accumulated, and is theorized as the connecting realm between the mano-consciousness and the aalayavij~naana. The so-called 'origin of delusion', it is also called the 'stained mind', and is associated with the four defilements of self-delusion -Ngã si, self-view -Ngã kiến, egotism -Ngã mạn, and self-love -Ngã ái. It is the source of all egoistic tendencies.

MỖ (ai đó): A certain.(person or thing). Somebody, something.

MỖ GIÁP (ai đó, tôi đây): Someone or another; a certain person; somebody.

MAO LUÂN = KHÔNG HOA = HOA ĐỐM: (ke`sa-u.nduka) “Hair circles." A similes used in the way of that of sky-flowers -Không hoa. A metaphor for optical illusion that one sees in the sky as a result of impaired condition of the eyes.

MẠC (bao la, yên lặng, lãnh đạm):(1) Vague, obscure, vast, boundless. (2) Careless, indifferent.

MẠC NHIÊN (chểnh mảng): Vague, obscure.

MÃN (đầy): (1) Be filled, filled up; be enough, sufficient; be full, be whole, be complete. (2) To satisfy, to fulfill.

MÃN TỰ (nghĩa bóng chỉ giáo pháp liễu nghĩa [Đại thừa]):(1) The “full word" or complete teaching of the Buddha. (2) In Sanskrit, a reference to the combination of a vowel and a consonant to make a complete word.

MÃN TÚC (đầy đủ):(1) Fulfillment (of a desire or aim). To supply, to satisfy, to answer, to meet. To complete, to perfect. (2) The perfect, complete teaching.

MÂU (lớn, tiếng kêu của trâu bò):(1) The “moo" of cattle. (2) To benefit, make a profit. (3) Great, large.

MÂU-NI (âm của Muni [Sankrit]) (Thánh giả, người tu hạnh yên lặng):(1) A transliteration of the Sanskrit muni, which means 'saint' or 'sage.' (2) An abbreviation of the transliteration `Saakyamuni--the Buddha. (3) Muni by itself refers to the adept's practice of silence.

MẬU (sai lầm, nói bậy):(1) An error, mistake. (2) To be mistaken. (3) To differ from; be different from. Break, violate. (4) To lie, deceive, mislead

MỤC (mắt, điều quan trọng, tiêu đề):(1) The eye, eyeballs. The organ of vision. (2) To regard; to look on. (3) Chief, the most important. (4) A list, an item. Headings or chief points of concern. (5) Degree, extent; order.

MỤC TƯỞNG (quán tưởng bằng hình ảnh): Mental images derived from what one has seen with the eyes. HPC 7.167a

MỤC-KIỀN- LIÊN (tên người) # MỤC-LIÊN: See Mục Liên

MỤC-LIÊN: Maudgalyaayana, one of the ten principal disciples of `Saakyamuni, renowned for his occult powers. He was born in Kolita, a northern area of Raajagraha in Magadha. Prior to his conversion to Buddhism, he was, along with `Saariputra, a disciple of the skeptic philosopher Sa~njaya. He was especially famous for his development of supernatural powers, and is said to have accomplished many miracles during his association with the sangha.

MUỘI (mờ, không rõ): Totally obscuring. Poor eyesight; unclear vision.

MIÊN (ngủ): (1) To sleep. (2) Be sleepy, get drowsy.

MIÊN (kéo dài): (1) Long, drawn out, continuous, prolonged, unbroken. (2) floss silk.

MẪU (mẹ): Mother, mama. In the Esoteric sect, an object of offerings (jananii) (naka p="1361b")

MÔNG (che giấu, ngu dại, nhờ cậy):(1) To conceal. (2) Dull, stupid.(3) To receive, to get, to suffer, to undergo, to enjoy. (4) To be acted upon; passivity. Sometimes mixed in usage with N and C.

MỘT (chìm): (1) To sink, be submerged, drown. (2) Finish, end, exhaust, be exhausted. (3) Exceed, pass, go beyond. (4) Disappear, die. (5) Negation, not.

MA (mài, giũa): (1) To polish (a jewel, mirror, etc.) (2) To polish one's character or learning.

MỤC (hài hòa): (1) Rice plant; a rice paddy. (2) Be discreet, careful, prudent, cautious. (3) Soft, gentle, harmonious. (4) Happy, joyful. (5) Beautiful, sublime.

MỤC NHÃN (thấy biết của phàm phu, mắt thịt): “Earthly vision." The eyes of worldlings that perceive physical matter. The lowest of the five levels of vision (maa.msa-cak.sus).

MỸ (đẹp): (1) Beauty, grace, charm. (2) Beautiful, fine, lovely, good-looking. (3) Sweet. (4) Noble, handsome. (5) To beautify, to improve. (6) To praise, to laud.

MẠC (chớ, đừng):(1) No, not, there is not -Vô. (2) Must not, do not. (3) Extensive, great. (4) To decide, to fix, to plan.

MÊ (u tối, mờ mịt, lầm lạc): Perplexity, doubt, ignorance, illusion, delusion. The opposite of enlightenment (vimoha, bhraanti, bhrama, sammuudha, visammuuddha).

MÊ ĐẢO (mê lầm và lẫn lộn): Inverted and confused. Conceptualization regarding reality.

MÊ CHẤP (mê lầm và cố chấp): “Mistaken attachment." A bias resulting from a mistaken viewpoint.

MÊ VỌNG (mê lầm và mờ mịt): Confusion, craziness, fantasy, delusion.

MÊ NGỘ (mê lầm và giác ngộ): 'Delusion and Enlightenment.'

MÊ MUỘN (buồn phiền mờ mịt): 'Deluded anguish.'

MÃ TỒ ĐẠO NHẤT (tên người): Ma-tsu Tao-I -One of the most influential Ch'an masters in the history of Chinese Buddhism. He is said to have had a large numberof eminent disciples. His style of Ch'an had a deep influence on early Korean Seon Buddhism, as many early Korean masters studied under Ma-tsu and his students.

MA: (1) Evil spirit, evil demon, demon king. The demon king of the sixth heaven of the desire realm. In the same vein, “defilement," or hindrances to enlightenment. An abbreviated transliteration of the Sanskrit, which means “to kill." (2) Magic. Magical power.

MA NGOẠI # THIÊN MA NGOẠI ĐẠO: A contraction of Thiên Ma Ngoại Đạo -"Evil demons and heretics" who slander and transgress the Buddha-dharma.

MA-HÊ -THỦ -DIÊN (Âm của Mahe Svara): A transliteration of the Sanskrit Mahe`svara. Usually written with the ideograph -€ [w] mo [p] mo [k] ma [j] ma as the first word.

MA (cây gai): Hemp.

MA CỐC BẢO TRIỆT (tên người, đệ tử của Mã Tổ): Ma-yu" Pao-ch'e -The Ch'an master Pao-ch'e who lived at Ma-yu" monastery. He was an active transmitter of the Buddha-dharma which he received from Ma-tsu Tao-i.

MA (sao?): (1) Small, minute. (2) A question mark. How? Why?

MẶC (im lặng): (1) Be quiet, be silent. (2) Silence, quiet.

MẶC NHIÊN (im lặng): (tuusniimbhaava). Be silent.

MÍCH (tìm kiếm): To search for; to seek, look for.

MÔN (cửa, khía cạnh, một giáo lý): (1) A gate, a door, an entrance or exit. (2) An aspect, a section. (3) A certain teaching. The place where one receives a teaching. (aaya-dvaara). (1) Principle, theory, viewpoint, standpoint, method (sarva-dharma-naya-ku`sala). (2) Method of teaching (paryaaya). Way of doing (something). (6) Teaching. (7) Aspect. (8) Mouth, head, face (mukha).

MƯU (tính toán, dự trù):(1) Plan, devise, scheme. (2) Counsel with. (3) Have in mind, aim at. (3) Deceive, cheat, impose upon. (4) A plan, scheme, plot, stratagem.

-ooOoo-

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